Yeah, if Mace had taken Anakin with him instead of telling him to stay at the Temple, Palpatine would have had to come up with Corruption Plan B on the spot. He wouldn't have been able to play the "This is an assassination! They're trying to destroy democracy!" card in that case since the fight that Anakin showed up for the end of only broke out when he attacked the Jedi. With Anakin there as part of the Jedi team, Palpatine would've had to pull quite the rabbit out of his hat. If he'd attacked the Jedi like he did in the movie, Anakin would have gone full-bore into the fight on their side which would have ended any hope of turning the Chosen One to the Dark Side. Giving into his anger during the fight might still have caused Anakin to fall, but with him and Mace working together, there probably wouldn't have been a living Sith Lord left afterwards to teach him.
No, if Anakin had gone with the team, the Chancellor would need to improvise. And I'm just not devious enough to come up with a plan he could use that would have worked.