If you look at your character tab.
Power increases your "bonus damage" value. Basically all your attacks that land are boosted by this value. (including critical hits)
Crit chance should be self explainitory but it is your percentage chance for an attack or heal to critical.
Surge is your crit value, that is the amount of bonus damage/heal applied to a critical hit.
That said, I level'd with mostly crit+surge on my bh, however power is the main bonus stat on all the pvp gear. go figure.